Chapter 1 Key Terms:

Agricultural Age:	The era covering most of the past ten thousand years, during which humanity lived mainly by domesticating animals and growing food using plows and other agricultural tools. Example: before technology.
Application Program (application):	Software tool that allows a computer to be used for specific purposes. Example: Application programs game or tools to help you out.
Browsers:	Programs such as Internet Explorer and Firefox that serve as navigable windows into the Web. Example: Browsers such as Internet Explorer and Firefox.
Desktop Computer:	A personal computer designed to be set up on a desk or table and used in that place for an extended period of time. Example: Personal computer that sits on your desk.
Digital Divide:	A term that describes the divide between the people who do and do not have access to the Internet.
Electronic Mail (E-mail):	Allows Internet users to send mail messages, data files, and software programs to other Internet users and to users of most commercial networks and online services. Example:  Transfer files and exchange
Embedded System:	A computer that is embedded into a consumer product, such as a wristwatch or game machine, to enhance those products. Also used to control hardware devices. Example: A microprocessor used as a component of a larger system.
Firmware:	A program, usually for special-purpose computers, stored on a ROM chip so it cannot be altered. Example: Immortalized on a silicon chip.
Hypertext Link:	A Web connection to another document or site, like the many that loosely tie together millions of Web pages. Example: Tie together millions of web pages.
Industrial Age:	The recent modern era, characterized by the shift from farms to factories. Example: Industrial revolution.
Industrial Revolution:	The era of rapid advances in machine technology that began at the end of the eighteenth century and ushered in the industrial age. Example: Advances in machine technology triggered.
Information Age:	The current era, characterized by the shift from an industrial economy to an information economy and the convergence of computer and communication technology. Example: working with words, numbers and ideas.
Integrated Circuit:	A chip containing hundreds, thousands, or even millions of transistors. Example: Computers that were even smaller and more powerful than the transistor-based machines.
Internet:	A global interconnected network of thousands of networks linking academic, research, government, and commercial institutions, and other organizations and individuals. Also known as the Net. Example: As the network evolved, it became known as the internet.
Laptop Computer:	A flat-screen, battery-powered portable computer that you can rest on your lap. Example: Sometimes called a notebook computer is a personal computer.
Mainframe Computer:	Expensive, room-sized computer, used mostly for large computing jobs. Example: Microcomputer revolution most information processing was done on mainframe computers.
Microprocessor:	Now known as a personal computer. Example: Intel engineers first Microprocessor
Moore’s Law:	The prediction made in 1965 by Gordon Moore that the power of a silicon chip of the same price would double about every 18 months for at least two decades. Example: digital possible because of Moore’s Law
Network:	A computer system that links two or more computers. Example: Microprocessor and impact has been magnified by the development of networks
Notebook computer:	Another term for laptop computer. Example: Laptop sometimes called a notebook computer.
Paradigm Shift:	A change in thinking that results in a new way of seeing the world. Example: Humankind experienced a paradigm shift.
Peripherals:	An external device, such as a keyboard or monitor, connected via cables to the system central processing unit. Example: External drives, keyboard, mice referred to as peripherals
Personal Computer (PC):	A small, powerful, relatively low-cost microcomputer. Example: Common in offices, factories, homes, schools.
Personal Digital Assistant (PDA):	A pocket-sized computer used to organize appointments, tasks, notes, contacts, and other personal information. Sometimes called handheld computer or palmtop computer. Many PDAs include additional software and hardware for wireless communication. Example: Pocket Pc
Server:	A computer especially designed to provide software and other resources to other computers over a network. Example: Servers provides other computers connected.
Silicon Chip:	Hundreds of transistors packed into an integrated circuit on a piece of silicon. Example: Silicon chip containing hundreds of transistors.
Silicon Valley:	The area around San Jose, California, that has become a hotbed of the computer industry since the 1970s, when dozens of microprocessor manufacturing companies sprouted and grew there. Example: California’s San Jose Nickname Silicon Valley.
Subnotebooks:	Portable computers, smaller than a notebook or laptop, about the size of a hardbound book. Example: Extra light notebook sometimes called Subnotebooks.
Supercomputers:	A super-fast, super-powerful, and super-expensive computer used for applications that demand maximum power. Example: Superpowerful computers are called Supercomputers.
Terminal:	Combination keyboard and screen that transfers information to and from a mainframe computer. Example: Communicate with a mainframe using a computer terminal.
Thin Client:	Network computers, Internet appliances, or other devices designed to connect to the Internet but not perform all the other tasks performed by a PC. Example: Communicate with a mainframe using a Thin client.
Timesharing:	Technique by which mainframe computers communicate with several users simultaneously. Example: Mainframe computer communicate with several users thought technique called Timesharing.
Transistor:	An electronic device that performs the same function as the vacuum tube by transferring electricity across a tiny resistor. Example: Transistor first used as a substitute for the vacuum tube.
Workstation:	A high-end desktop computer with massive computing power, though less expensive than a minicomputer. Workstations are the most powerful of the desktop computers. Example: A high end desktop computer with massive computing power.
World Wide Web (Web):	Part of the Internet, a collection of multimedia documents created by organizations and users worldwide. Documents are linked in a hypertext Web that allows users to explore them with simple mouse clicks. Example: The most significant breakthrough.

Chapter 6 – Graphics, Digital Media and Multimedia

3-D modeling software	Software that enables the user to create 3-D objects. The objects can be rotated, stretched, and combined with other model objects to create complex 3-D scenes. Example: 3-D modeling software graphic designer can create 3-D objects.
Animation	The process of simulating motion with a series of still pictures. Example: Creating motion from still pictures-this illusions is at the heart of all Animations.
Audio digitizer	Hardware devices or software programs that capture a sound and store it as a data file on a disk. Example: Audio digitizer can record just about any sound.
Augmented reality	The use of computer displays that add virtual information to a person's sensory perceptions, supplementing rather than replacing (as in virtual reality) the world the user sees. Example: Another promising offshoot of VR research is Augmented reality.
Bit depth	Color depth, the number of bits devoted to each pixel in a color display. Example: Number of bits devoted to each pixel called Bit depth.
Bitmapped graphics	Graphics in which images are stored and manipulated as organized collections of pixels rather than as shapes and lines. Contrast with object-oriented graphics. Example: Painting programs create Bitmapped graphics.
Bullet charts	Graphical elements, such as drawings and tables, integrated into a series of charts that list the main points of a presentation. Example: Graphic elements are usually integrated into series of Bullet charts.
Button	A hot spot on a screen that responds to mouse clicks. A button can be programmed to perform one of many tasks, such as opening a dialog box or launching an application. Example: Each screen, called a card, can contain graphics text and buttons.
Color depth	Bit depth, the number of bits devoted to each pixel. Example: The number of bits devoted to each pixel-called Color depth
Compression	Making files smaller using special encoding schemes. File compression saves storage space on disks and saves transmission time when files are transferred through networks. Example: In addition data compression software stored in a smaller space.
Computer-aided design	The use of computers to draw products or process designs on the screen. Example: Computer-aided design use of computer to design products.
Computer-integrated manufacturing	The combination of CAD and CAM. Example: The combination of CAD and CAM is often called compute-integrated manufacturing.
Digital video	Video reduced to a series of numbers, which can be edited, stored, and played back without loss of quality. Example: There’s more to the digital videos revolution than computer animation.
Drawing software	Stores a picture as a collection of lines and shapes. Also stores shapes as shape formulas and text as text. Example: Drawing software stores a picture not as a collection of dots, but as a collection of lines and shapes.
Frame	In animation, one still picture in a video or animated sequence. Example: Before computers artists drew animated films by hand, one still picture, or frame.
Grey-scale graphics	Computerized imaging that allows each pixel to appear as black, white, or one of several shades of gray. Example: Grey-scale graphics allow each pixel to appear as a black.
Hypermedia	The combination of text, numbers, graphics, animation, sound effects, music, and other media in hyperlinked documents. Example: Hypermedia might be synonymous with interactive multimedia.
Hypertext	An interactive cross-referenced system that allows textual information to be linked in no sequential ways. A hypertext document contains links that lead quickly to other parts of the document or to related documents. Example: Early efforts were called hypertext because they allowed textual information to be linked in nonsequential ways.
Image processing software	Software that enables the user to manipulate photographs and other high-resolution images. Example: Image processing software enable the photographs to  manipulate digital photos and other high-resolution images.
Interactive multimedia	Multimedia that enables the user to take an active part in the experience. Example: Interactive multimedia allows the viewer/listener to take part in the experience.
MIDI	Musical Instrument Digital Interface, a standard interface that allows electronic instruments and computers to communicate with each other and work together. Example:  MIDI a standard interface used to send commands between computers and musical instruments.
Mixing	The combining of multiple tracks, audio effects, and balancing volumes and audio placement to make the best possible recording. Example: Mixing involves combining multiple tracks, adding audio effect, and balance.
MP3	A method of compression that can squeeze a music file to a fraction of its original CD file size with only slight loss of quality. Example: MP3 can squeeze audio files to a fraction of their original CD file.
Multimedia	Using some combination of text, graphics, animation, video, music, voice, and sound effects to communicate. Example: Multimedia generally means using Video, music, Voice and sounds.
Multimedia-authoring software	Enables the creation and editing of multimedia documents. Example: Multimedia-authoring software is used to create and edit multimedia documents.
Object-oriented graphics	The storage of pictures as collections of lines, shapes, and other objects. Example: Pictures collections and lines, shapes, and other objects, this approach is often called object-oriented graphics.
Painting software	Enables you to paint pixels on the screen with a pointing device. Example: Paint software enables you to paint pixels on the screen with a pointing device.
Palette	A collection of colors available in drawing software. Example: Paint programs typically offers a Palette.
PDF	Allows documents of all types to be stored, viewed, or modified on any Windows or Macintosh computer, making it possible for many organizations to reduce paper flow. Example: Drawing programs, including Adobe Illustrator store images PDFS
Pixel	A picture element (dot) on a computer screen or printout. Groups of pixels compose the images on the monitor and the output of a printout. Example: Pixel Tiny dots of with black, or color arranged in rows.
Podcast	Radio- or television-style programs that can be down loaded on demand or automatically by subscription. Example: Podcast-radio style programs that can be downloaded on demand or automatically by subscribers.
Presentation graphics software	Automates the creation of visual aids for lectures, training sessions, and other presentations. Can include everything from spreadsheet charting programs to animation-editing software but most commonly used for creating and displaying a series of onscreen slides to serve as visual aids for presentations. Example: Presentation graphics software helps automate the creation of visual aids and for lectures training, sale demonstrations.
Public domain	Creative work or intellectual property that is freely usable by anyone, either because the copyright has expired or because the creator obtained a Creative Commons license for the work. Example: Public domain freely usable by anyone.
Resolution	Density of pixels, measured by the number of dots per inch. Example: Resolutions the density of the pixels.
Sample	A digital sound file. Example: An audio digitizer can record just about any sound as a sample.
Sequencing software	Software that enables a computer to be used as a tool for musical composition, recording, and editing. Example: Piano style keyboard sends MIDI which interprets the sequence of MIDI commands using sequencing software.
Synthesized	Synthetically generated computer sounds. Example: Computer sounds can be sampled digitally recorded or Synthesized.
Tele-immersion	The use of multiple cameras and high-speed networks to create an environment in which multiple remote users can interact with each other and with computer-generated objects. Example: Tele-Immersion uses multiple cameras and high speed networks to create an environment.
Vector graphics	The storage of pictures as collections of lines, shapes, and other objects. Example: Picture are collections of line, shapes, and other objects, this approach is often called Vector graphics.
Video-editing software	Software for editing digital video, including titles, sound, and special effects. Example: Video-editing software such as Adobe Premiere, Apple iMovies, and Microsoft windows movie maker.
Virtual reality	Technology that creates the illusion that the user is immersed in a world that exists only inside the computer, an environment that contains both scenes and the controls to change those scenes. Example: Virtual reality combines virtual worlds with networking, placing multiple participants in a virtual space.